The XOR Encryption algorithm is a very effective yet easy to implement method of symmetric encryption. Due to its effectiveness and simplicity, the XOR Encryption is an extremely common component used in more complex encryption algorithms used nowadays. The XOR…
Visual cryptography is a technique that consists of hiding information (text/symbols/graphics) within two semi-transparent pictures (called layers). Overlaying both pictures exactly on top of one another, will reveal the hidden information. Using this technique, it is impossible to retrieve any…
The Atbash Cipher is a monoalphabetic substitution cipher that was originally used for the Hebrew alphabet. It is one of the earliest known subtitution ciphers to have been used. As opposed to a Caesar Cipher, the Atbash cipher does not…
The MRX20 probe was sent to Mars by the Inter-Continental Space Agency (ICSA) a few years ago. It was due to return to planet Earth just a few days ago. The probe collected a large amount of samples from the…
A Caesar Shift cipher is a type of mono-alphabetic substitution cipher where each letter of the plain text is shifted a fixed number of places down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, letter A would be replaced…
It’s only few days before Christmas so here are some secret messages from Santa for you to decode… Secret Message #1, encoded using Maritime Signal Flags International maritime signal flags are various flags used to communicate with ships. Each flag…
The Vatsyayana cipher is a simple substitution cipher where the 26 letters of the alphabet are organised into 13 pairs of characters. These pairs are then used to encrypt the text by direct substitution of the letters in the pairs.…
A Caesar Shift cipher is a type of mono-alphabetic substitution cipher where each letter of the plain text is shifted a fixed number of places down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, letter A would be replaced…
In cryptography, frequency analysis is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking substitution ciphers (e.g. mono-alphabetic substitution cipher, Caesar shift cipher, Vatsyayana cipher). Frequency…
A mono-alphabetic cipher (aka simple substitution cipher) is a substitution cipher where each letter of the plain text is replaced with another letter of the alphabet. It uses a fixed key which consist of the 26 letters of a “shuffled…
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