number = int(input("Type a number:"))
squareNumber = number * number
print("The Square Number is " + str(squareNumber)) 

Converting a user input to an integer is required to do some maths based calculations such as the calculation used on line 2.

Vice versa, we can convert an integer to a string using the str() function on line 3.

number = int(input("Type a number:"))
total100 = 100 - number
print("The Total 100 Number is " + str(total100)) 

number = int(input("Type a number:"))
if (number % 2) == 0:
  print("This number is even.")
else:
  print("This number is odd.") 

number = input("Type your telephone number usin 11 digits:")
telephoneNumber = "("  + number[0:5] + ") " + number[5:8] + " " + number[8:11]
print(telephoneNumber)

Notice that in this challenge we are treating the user input as a string not a number. (We did not convert the user input on line 1 to an integer as we did in previous challenges using the int() function.) Each digit of our number/string is in fact a character from the string.

number = input("Type a large number:")
palindrome = ""

for digit in number:
  palindrome = digit + palindrome

palindrome = number + palindrome  
print("The palindrome number is " + palindrome)  

Notice that in this challenge, once again we are treating the user input as a string not a number. (We did not convert the user input on line 1 to an integer as we did in previous challenge using the int() function.) Each digit of our number/string is in fact a character from the string.

number = input("Type a large number:")
numberUpgrade = ""

for digit in number:
  if int(digit)==9:
    newDigit = 0
  else:
    newDigit = int(digit) + 1
  numberUpgrade = numberUpgrade + str(newDigit)
  
print("The Number Upgrade is " + numberUpgrade) 

We retrieve each digit (character) one at a time and have to convert these digits to integers using the int() on line 5 and 8 to be able to perform maths calculation with them (adding them up).

number = input("Type a large number:")
spacedOutNumber=""

for digit in number:
  spacedOutNumber = spacedOutNumber + "-" + str(digit)
  
print("The Spaced Out Number is " + spacedOutNumber[1:])  

Notice the slicing approach used to truncate the string from its first digit on line 7 using the string[1:] which returns all the characters from a string from position 1. (So slicing out the first character which is at position 0).

number = input("Type a large number:")
totalNumber = 0

for digit in number:
  totalNumber += int(digit)
  
print("The Total Number is " + str(totalNumber))  

number = input("Type a large number:")
plusMinusNumber = 0
plusminus = 1

for digit in number:
  plusMinusNumber += int(digit) * plusminus
  plusminus = plusminus * (-1)
  
print("The Plus Minus is " + str(plusMinusNumber)) 

number = input("Type a large number:")
digitGroupingNumber = ""
counter=0

for digit in number[::-1]:
  if counter==3:
     digitGroupingNumber = digit + "," + digitGroupingNumber
     counter=0
  else:   
     digitGroupingNumber = digit + digitGroupingNumber
     counter+=1
  
print("The Digit Grouping Number is " + digitGroupingNumber)