Logic Gates Circuits used in a Theme Park

Posted on December 11, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Computer Science, Computing Concepts, GCSE Concepts, GCSE Quiz, Solved Challenges

In this set of challenges, you will design and test some logic gates circuits to control different automated systems used to control the following rides of a Theme park:

Ferris Wheel
Drop Tower
Roller Coaster

Ferris WheelDrop TowerRoller Coaster

Ferris Wheel

A Ferris Wheel automated control system controls whether the wheel should be spinning or should be stopped.

The automated system is based on the following inputs:

A main switch is controlled by the main operator to decide if the wheel is in operating (spinning) or not.
- If the switch is on, the wheel is spinning
- If the switch is off, the wheel is not spinning, allowing for passengers to load/unload a cabin.
Weight sensors are also used in each of the cabins of this Ferris wheel. A sensor is “on” if the cabin it’s on is overloaded (too heavy). If any of the sensors is on, the wheel is automatically stopped. For the purpose of this task, we will assume that our Ferris Wheel only contains 4 cabins. We will therefore only use 4 sensors. In reality, more sensors would be needed.

Use our logic gates circuit simulator to design and test a circuit for the Ferris Wheel automated control system. (Click on picture below)

Drop Tower

To join the queue to get on board the Drop Tower, the passengers must comply with some safety rules. A control panel is available to control a gate to let a passenger join the queue. The control panel has 3 switches as follows:

Switch A to indicate whether the passenger is 12 or over.
Switch B to indicate whether the passenger is at least 4-feet tall.
Switch C to indicate whether the passenger is accompanied by an adult.

For the gate to open to let the passenger join the queue for the ride, the rules are as follow:

The passenger must be at least 4-feet tall.
The passenger must either be 12 or over and if not, they must be accompanied by an adult.

Click on the picture below to design and test the logic gates circuit to control the gate, so that if a passenger is allowed to get on board the Drop Tower, the gate is “on”, but if not the gate is “off“.

Roller Coaster

An emergency stopping system controls whether a signal should be sent to the train of a roller coaster to stop it, in case of an emergency. The system is based on the following inputs:

A main switch is controlled by the main operator to start (switch is “on”) or stop (“off”) the roller coaster. There are however only three locations on the track where it is safe for the roller coaster to be stopped.
There are 3 sensors on the track, one on each of these 3 locations. The sensor is “on” if it detects the train at this given location. At least one of the three sensors must be on for the train to be stopped.
A safety guard sensor is also used to detect if any of the safety guards are not securely locked in. When all safety guards are locked in, the sensor is “on”.
If any of the safety guards are unlocked, the sensor is “off”: In this case, the train should automatically be stopped provided that the train is at one of the three safe locations to be stopped.

Use our logic gates circuit simulator to design and test a circuit for the Roller Coaster Emergency Stopping System.

Solution...

The solution for this challenge is available to full members!
Find out how to become a member:
➤ Members' Area

Tagged with: logic gates

Code Maintainability Q&A

Posted on November 30, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Computer Science, GCSE Concepts, GCSE Quiz, Question & Answer, Quizzes

Question 1[4 marks]

The two Python scripts above were created by an IT manager of a school and are performing exactly the same task: to generate a username based on the student’s firstname, lastname and year group. Compare both of these scripts and identify what was done to the code to make it easier to understand, maintain and re-use in future projects?

Question 2[2 marks]

The IT manager would like to make this program more robust by adding a validation check on the year group. The school only has students in year 7 to year 13. How could the IT manager change the code above to make sure the user can only enter a value between 7 and 13 for the year group?

Question 3[4 marks]

The IT manager would like to test his new validation check on the year group. Identify 4 pieces of test data that the IT manager should use to perform a normal/valid test, an invalid test, a boundary test and an erroneous test?

Normal/Valid Test Data:
Invalid Test Data:
Boundary Test Data:
Erroneous Test Data:

The Marauder’s Map Coding Challenges

Posted on November 2, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Algorithms, Algorithms (GCSE), Coding Quiz, Computer Science, GCSE Quiz, Quizzes

Welcome to Hogwarts, school of witchcraft and wizardry! For this set of challenges, you will be helping the famous wizard, Harry Potter, to recover all of his magical possessions.

Effectively, it would seem that a malevolent wizard did cast a spell on Harry Potter’s belongings. As a consequence, twelve of Harry Potter’s favourite magical objects have been buried on the school premises, within or around Hogwarts Castle.

Harry found a note on his bed containing 12 encoded messages that look like some kind of magical algorithms. He believes that he could use Professor Dumbledore’s Marauder’s Map to help him locate his 12 magical objects. However, Harry needs your help to decode these algorithms. Will you be able to use the Marauder’s Map and decode the 12 algorithms to locate all of Harry Potter’s magical artefacts?

The Marauder’s Map Coding ChallengesOpen in New Window
The Marauder’s Map Coding ChallengesOpen in New Window

HTML and CSS Quizzes

Posted on October 16, 2023 by Administrator Posted in A Level Concepts, A Level Quiz, Coding Quiz, Computer Science, HTML, CSS & JavaScript

Do you know your HTML tags used to create a webpage? Do you know how to use CSS to customise the look and feel of all the elements of this page? See how many HTML tags and how many CSS properties you can list in under 5 minutes by completing the following two quizzes.

To learn more about HTML and CSS you can use the tutorials from w3schools:

HTML QuizCSS Quiz

HTML QuizOpen in New Window
HTML QuizOpen in New Window

CSS QuizOpen in New Window
CSS QuizOpen in New Window

Tagged with: CSS, HTML

Standard Deviation Algorithm

Posted on October 13, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Computer Science, Python - Advanced, Python Challenges, Solved Challenges

In statistics, given a set list of numbers, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion within the set.

A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean value of the set.
A high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

The formula to calculate the standard deviation for a given set of numbers is as follows:

Where x represents the mean value of the set and n represents the number of values in the set.

Your task is to design an algorithm for a function called standardDeviation() that takes one parameter: a list of integer values. The list can be of any length. Your function will calculate and return the standard deviation for this given list.

Python Code

We have started the code for you by creating a function called inputList() that lets the user input any list of numbers, one number at a time. Your task is now to add the code for the standardDeviation() function.

Test Plan

Test #	Input Values	Expected Output	Actual Output
#1	7,14,9,21,32,15	8.3199893162325
#2	23,101,52,48,107	32.480147782915
#3	10,40	15

Solution...

The solution for this challenge is available to full members!
Find out how to become a member:
➤ Members' Area

The Jorvik Viking Settlement

Posted on October 11, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Algorithms, Algorithms (GCSE), Coding Quiz, Computer Science, Computing Concepts, GCSE Concepts, GCSE Quiz, Quizzes, Solved Challenges

From around A.D. 800 to the 11th century, a large number of Scandinavians Vikings left their homelands to seek their fortunes on the east coast of England. These seafaring warriors ransacked different coastal sites from Northembria to East Anglia. In 866, they invaded the city of York which, after being renamed Jorvik, became their capital.

Most of their constructions was made of wood, hence there are not so many vestiges left of their occupation. Vikings invaded the East coast of England after crossing the North Sea on long wooden ships. One of their traditions was to bury these ships in the ground to create a burial site for their dead.

While excavating a site under the Cathedral of York, a team of archaeologists have recently found a complex system of 12 locking compartments, carved directly in stone. They believe each compartment contains a Viking shield and that each shield has a symbol engraved on it. By accessing these 12 symbols, they believe they could reveal the location of a ship burial site where Ragnar Lothbrok, one of the most famous Viking warrior, is buried alongside his undiscovered treasure of inestimable value.

Each locking mechanism consists of two sliders. For each mechanism, a diagram has also been carved in the stone which, we believe, provides the key to unlock the compartment. It is essential to open these compartments by finding the correct position of the sliders, as trying to break the mechanism itself to open the compartment would damage its content and would prevent the archaeologists from revealing the code engraved on each shield.

The team of archaeologists is asking your help to help them unlock the 12 compartments and reveal the location of Ragnar Lothbrok’s treasure!
The Jorvik Viking SettlementOpen in New Window
The Jorvik Viking SettlementOpen in New Window

Solution...

The solution for this challenge is available to full members!
Find out how to become a member:
➤ Members' Area

Countries of Africa

Posted on July 17, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Computer Science, Python - Intermediate, Python Challenges, Solved Challenges

Can you name all of the 54 countries of Africa?

In this challenge we will write a Python script to create a quiz where we ask the user to guess as many African countries as possible. The player will score one point per correct country.

Using a list in Python

Our Python program will use a list to store all 54 countries.

countries = [“Algeria”, “Angola”, “Benin”, “Botswana”, “Burkina Faso”, “Burundi”, “Cabo Verde”, “Cameroon”, “Central African Republic”, “Chad”, “Comoros”, “Ivory Coast”, “Djibouti”, “Democratic Republic of the Congo”, “Egypt”, “Equatorial Guinea”, “Eritrea”, “Eswatini”, “Ethiopia”, “Gabon”, “Gambia”, “Ghana”, “Guinea”, “Guinea-Bissau”, “Kenya”, “Lesotho”, “Liberia”, “Libya”, “Madagascar”, “Malawi”, “Mali”, “Mauritania”, “Mauritius”, “Morocco”, “Mozambique”, “Namibia”, “Niger”, “Nigeria”, “Republic of the Congo”, “Rwanda”, “Sao Tome & Principe”, “Senegal”, “Seychelles”, “Sierra Leone”, “Somalia”, “South Africa”, “South Sudan”, “Sudan”, “Tanzania”, “Togo”, “Tunisia”, “Uganda”, “Zambia”, “Zimbabwe”]

To check how many items (countries) are in the list, we can use the len() function:

numberOfCountries = len(countries)
print("There are " + str(numberOfCountries) + " countries in Africa!")

To check if a country is in the list we can use the keyword in as follows:

if "Kenya" in countries:
   print("Kenya is in Africa!")

To remove a country from the list, we can use the remove() function. For instance is the user has named a country which is in the list, we can remove this country from the list.

if "Kenya" in countries:
   countries.remove("Kenya")

Flowchart

Below is the full flowchart for our Python quiz: (Click on flowchart to zoom in)

Python Code

We have started the code, you task is to complete the code in the trinket window below:

Extension Task

Amend this code to give the player three lives. For each invalid answer, the player should lose a life. The game should stop and display a game over message when the player has found all 54 countries or when they have lost their 3 lives.

Solution...

The solution for this challenge is available to full members!
Find out how to become a member:
➤ Members' Area

Tagged with: Flowchart, List

Let’s Build a Castle

Posted on July 12, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Computer Science, Python - Beginner, Python Challenges, Solved Challenges

In this challenge we are going to build different medieval castles by customising some Python code.

Our first castle is already made for us and looks as follows:

You can see, in the trinket window below, the Python code used to create this castle.

The code uses a range of pre-defined functions to draw the different building blocks of the castle (walls, towers, doors, flags and loopholes). These functions can be accessed in the extra file (tab) called shapes.py. However for the purpose of this challenge, you will not need to access the code of these functions.

The main functions that you will have to reuse to cutomise the look and feel of your castle are:

drawWall()
drawTower()
drawDoor()
drawLoophole()
drawFlag()

Each of these functions is using some parameters to change the position, width and height of the different building blocks and to change the colour of the flag. Let’s investigate these functions and their parameters.

drawWall()drawTower()drawFlag()drawDoor()drawLoophole()(X,Y) Coordinates?Colour Codes?

The drawWall() function uses the following 6 parameters:

So the following code would be used to create a wall at position (-150,0). The wall would be 300 pixels wide, 150 pixels high and would have battlements (crenellation).

The drawTower() function uses the following 6 parameters:

So the following code would be used to create a tower at position (-100,0). The tower would be 50 pixels wide, 150 pixels high and would have battlements (crenellation).

The drawFlag() function uses the following 6 parameters:

So the following code would be used to create a flag at position (120,120). The flag would be 30 pixels wide, 40 pixels high and be of a red colour.

The drawDoor() function uses the following 5 parameters:

So the following code would be used to create a door at position (-100,0). The door would be 50 pixels wide, 150 pixels high.

The drawDoor() function uses the following 5 parameters:

So the following code would be used to create a loophole at position (-100,0). The loophole would be 10 pixels wide, 30 pixels high.

(X,Y) Coordinates?

The canvas we are drawing on (using Python Turtle) is 400 pixels wide by 400 pixels high.
Look at the canvas below to understand how (x,y) coordinates work:

Colour Codes

#FF0000#FFFF00#0000AA#00AA00

Python Code

Here is the Python code to create the castle.

Your Task

Your task is to edit the code from line 16 to 27 to re-create the following castles. To do so you will have to tweak the parameters of the functions used to create the castle. You may also need to remove or add some extra lines of code to add extra elements (towers, flags, loopholes, etc…)

Extension Task

Access the code in the shapes.py file (tab).
Create two more functions as follows:

drawSun() to draw a yellow circle at a given (x,y) set of coordinates.
drawTree() to draw a tree at a given (x,y) set of coordinates.

Solution...

The solution for this challenge is available to full members!
Find out how to become a member:
➤ Members' Area

Tagged with: Python Turtle

Python Turtle Race

Posted on July 11, 2023 by Administrator Posted in Computer Science, Python - Beginner, Python Challenges, Solved Challenges

In this challenge we will create a Python script to complete a Turtle race with four turtles racing across the screen.

We have started the code for you to set up the pitch of grass. You will complete this project step by step in order to:

Here is the Python code that you will need to complete:

Step 1: Start lineStep 2: Finish lineStep 3: Adding TurtlesStep 4: Race Time!Step 5: And the winner is...

Step 1: Adding a start line

To draw the start line as a vertical line on the left hand side of the screen, we will need to use the following (x,y) coordinates to tell the computer where does the start line starts and ends:

You will can add the following code to the above trinket to draw the start line:

#Let's draw the start line
myPen.penup()
myPen.goto(-160, 150)
myPen.pendown()
myPen.goto(-160, 0)

Step 2: Adding a finish line

It’s now your turn to use very similar code, this time to draw the finish line using the following (x,y) coordinates:

View Solution!

#Let's draw the finish line
myPen.penup()
myPen.goto(180, 150)
myPen.pendown()
myPen.goto(180, 0)

Step 3: Adding four turtles on the start line

We are now going to add the four competitors on the start line. We will have four turtles that we will need to position using the following (x,y) coordinates:

Here is the code to add the red turtle at position (-180, 140):

#Let's add our turtles
redTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
redTurtle.shape('turtle')
redTurtle.color('red')
redTurtle.pensize(2)
redTurtle.penup()
redTurtle.goto(-180, 140)
redTurtle.pendown()

Can you add some more lines of code to add 3 more turtles using the following coordinates:

Green Turtle at position (-180,110)
Blue Turtle at position (-180,80)
Yellow Turtle at position (-180,50)

#Let's add our turtles
redTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
redTurtle.shape('turtle')
redTurtle.color('red')
redTurtle.pensize(2)
redTurtle.penup()
redTurtle.goto(-180, 140)
redTurtle.pendown()

greenTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
greenTurtle.shape('turtle')
greenTurtle.color('green')
greenTurtle.pensize(2)
greenTurtle.penup()
greenTurtle.goto(-180, 110)
greenTurtle.pendown()

blueTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
blueTurtle.shape('turtle')  
blueTurtle.color('blue')
blueTurtle.pensize(2)
blueTurtle.penup()
blueTurtle.goto(-180, 80)
blueTurtle.pendown()

yellowTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
yellowTurtle.shape('turtle')
yellowTurtle.color('orange')
yellowTurtle.pensize(2)
yellowTurtle.penup()
yellowTurtle.goto(-180, 50)
yellowTurtle.pendown()

Step 4: Animating the turtles to race across the screen

It’s now time for our turtles to race across the screen. To do so we will use an infinite while loop. Within each iteration of the loop, we will move each turtle forward by a randomly generated number of pixels between 1 and 8.

Here is the code to use for our infinite loop…

#Let's start the race!
while True:
  redTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  greenTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  blueTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  yellowTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))

Step 5: And the winner is…

As you can see with step 4, the four turtles carry on racing even after crossing the finish line. They even disappearing off screen!

Our aim is now to check, within each iteration of the while loop, to see if one of the four turtles has reached the finish line. To do so, we will need to check the x coordinate of each turtle. A turtle with an x coordinate greater than 180 has crossed the finish line!

Here is the final code for our racing loop!

#Let's start the race!
while True:
  redTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  greenTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  blueTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  yellowTurtle.forward(random.randint(1,8))
  
  if redTurtle.xcor()>180:
    print("Red Turtle wins!")
    break
  elif greenTurtle.xcor()>180:
    print("Green Turtle wins!")
    break
  elif blueTurtle.xcor()>180:
    print("Blue Turtle wins!")
    break
  elif yellowTurtle.xcor()>180:
    print("Yellow Turtle wins!")
    break

Solution...

The solution for this challenge is available to full members!
Find out how to become a member:
➤ Members' Area

Tagged with: Coordinates, Python Turtle

Learning Zone ✕

Theory Concepts

Interactive Quizzes

GCSE Computer Science (UK)

A-Level Computer Science (UK)

Coding Challenges ✕

Python Challenges

HTML / CSS & JavaScript

LMC

SQL

Block Programming

Interactive Coding Puzzles

Online Interactive Tools ✕

Coding Tools

Design Tools